Informatics Publishing Limited

B. Gurugnanam ¹, M. Suresh ¹, M. Vinoth ¹, N. Prabhakaran ², S. Kumaravel ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Civil Engineering, PSNA College of Engg. & Tech., Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Groundwater chemical quality studies were carried out in upper Manimuktha sub basin, Vellar, South India. Fifty two groundwater samples were collected from dug and bore well during pre and post monsoon seasons of 2006. The samples were analyzed for various water quality parameters such as pH, Electric Conductivity, Total dissolved solids, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Bicarbonate, Carbonate, Sulphate and Chloride. The results were evaluated in detail and compared with WHO water quality standards. An overall assessment of the water samples indicated that the physico and chemical parameters are lies within the permissible limit except in some locations. It is inferred from Piper trilinear diagram that the water is mostly of alkaline earth exceeds alkalies. Gibbs diagram reveals that the overall hydrogeochemical environment of the study area is controlled by the rock water interaction dominance. According to the USSL classification of water quality, it falls under C₃ - S₁ category. These results were taken in to GIS platform for further processing to understand the spatial variation. Finally, the quality variation is brought out at village level.

Keywords

Groundwater, Drinking and Irrigational Quality, GIS, Manimuktha, South India

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B. Gurugnanam ¹, M. Suresh ¹, M. Vinoth ¹, S. Kumaravel

Affiliations
1 GIT Lab, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002,TN, IN

Abstract

In the present study, an attempt has been made to understand the rainfall fluctuation with respect to spatial distribution in Salem district of Tamil Nadu through GIS Technique. To achieve the aim, rainfall variations during winter (Jan.&Feb.), summer (Mar. to May), southwest monsoon (Jun. to Sep.) and northeast monsoon (Oct. to Dec.) were analyzed for the period 1998 to 2007. These results were taken into GIS platform to prepare the spatial distribution maps. The spatial distribution maps of Southwest- and Northeast- monsoon season showed that 1775.65 Km2 and 430.48 Km² of the study area received above 400 mm of rainfall during the respective monsoon seasons. Annual average rainfall spatial distribution map for the years 1998-2007 revealed that 3808 Km² of the study area falls under less than 200 mm (poor category) of rainfall. It shows the annual average rainfall distribution is very low in the study area. The high rainfall domain occupies only 8.15 and 33.62% of the study area.

Keywords

GIS, PWD, Spatial Distribution, Monsoon Season, Rainfall, Tamil Nadu

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M. Suresh ¹, B. Gurugnanam ¹, S. Vasudevan ², K. Dharanirajan ³, N. Jawahar Raj ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, IN
2 CGIT, School of Geosiences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, IN
3 Department of Ocean Sciences and Marine Geology, Pondicherry University, Andaman, IN
4 Department of Geology, National College, Trichy, Tiruchirappalli - 620 001, IN

Abstract

In the present study, the chemical characteristics of groundwater with respect to drinking and Irrigation water quality in upper Thirumanimuthar sub-basin, Cauvery River, have been studied. 51 groundwater samples were collected and analysed for pH, conductance, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, carbonate, bicarbonate, total alkalinity, chloride, sodium, potassium, sulphate etc. The values analyzed were evaluated in detail and compared with WHO water quality standards. It is observed that, for most of the groundwater quality parameters, the values are not potable for drinking and irrigational use. To understand the spatial distribution of unsuitable zones, ArcGIS was employed. Attributes were linked and spatial interpolation mapping was done. Inverse distance weighted interpolation technique was followed for raster and vector mapping. Finally the overlay analyses were also carried out to locate the worst quality zone.

Keywords

SAR, Sodium Percentage, GIS, Spatial Distribution Map, Overlay Analysis, Cauvery River, Tamil Nadu.

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M. Suresh ¹, P. G. Krishnamohan ², Mallikarjun S. Holi ³

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, Kalpataru Institute of Technology, Tiptur, IN
2 Department of ECE, JNTU College of Engineering, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, IN
3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bapuji College of Engineering & Tech, Davangere, IN

Abstract

The identification of a person using biometric data may be of interest. A direct connection between muscle, central nervous system and brain is unique to an individual. Here we have demonstrated the significance of electromyogram (EMG) signal for person identification using cepstral and non uniform filter bank features. Our approach consists of a robust feature extraction scheme which is based on cepstral analysis and non uniform filter bank with a specified configuration, combined with vector quantization modelling. Various experiments have been conducted to determine the person identification performance in our proposed scheme. Preliminary results indicate that with well-chosen feature extraction, an identification rate of up to 93.8766% is achievable for a database consisting of forty nine individuals, with collected 3 sessions EMG data in a gap of one day duration.

Keywords

Electromyogram (EMG), Biometrics, Verification, Identification, Vector Quantization.

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M. Suresh ¹, R. Hari Prakash ², B. Durga Prasad ³

Affiliations
1 Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anatapur, IN
2 Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, IN
3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, JNTUA, Anantapur, IN

Abstract

Direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engines have a large potential to reduce emissions and specific fuel consumption. One of the most important problems in the design of DISI engines is the cycle-to-cycle variations of theflow, mixing and combustion processes. The Large Eddy Simulation (LES) based analysis is used to characterize the cycle-to-cycle fluctuations of the flow field as well as the mixture preparation in a realistic four-stroke internal combustion engine with variable charge motion system. Based on the analysis of cycle-to-cycle velocity fluctuations of in-cylinder flow, the impact of various fuel spray boundary conditions on injection processes and mixture preparation is pointed out. The joint effect of both cycle-to-cycle velocity fluctuations and variable spray boundary conditions is discussed in terms of mean and standard deviation of relative air–fuel ratio, velocity and mass fraction. Finally a qualitative analysis of the intensity of cyclic fluctuations below the spark plug is provided.

Keywords

Large Eddy Simulation (LES), Cyclic Variations, Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI), Internal Combustion Engine, Air–Fuel Mixing, Fuel Spray Injection.

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M. K. Thara ¹, M. Suresh ², L. Sheela ³

Affiliations
1 Anna University, Chennai-25,Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Fluid Control and Research Institute, Kanjikode, IN
3 Anna University, Chennai-25, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Across the world, electric utilities are deploying smart meters also known as AMI (Automated Metering Infrastructure) to their residential customers and industrial applications. Smart meters provide two-way digital communications between the utility and the customer. Thus, enabling, customer energy management and demand response via both information and rate programs. Utility operational advantages such as outage detection and management, remote meter reading, and remote customer connections are possible by smart meters. Smart meter deployment causes controversies regarding mainly health, privacy and cost. Traditional measurement system met with lot of difficulties in terms of estimated billing and energy wastage. A measurement system lying in between Smart meters and traditional meter reading system is proposed here. Android is the first truly open and comprehensive platform for mobile devices. It is an open-source development platform for creating mobile applications. This application contains OCR (Optical Character Recognition), barcode reader and data transfer applications. A prototype measuring system using Android hand held device is developed. Meter Identity and reading is two important parameters for any measurement system. These two parameters are captured and stored in android data base for future analysis. The consumer data base and meter readings can be exported to PC. A SQlite(Structured Queried Language) data base also created in the PC. Data base can be converted in to CSV (Comma Separated Values) files and can be exported to android device. OCR is the mechanical or electronic translation of scanned images of handwritten, typewritten or printed text into machine-encoded text.

Keywords

AMI, CSV, OCR, SQL.

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M. Suresh ¹, Maheswar Dutta ², S. Purushothaman ³

Affiliations
1 Mechanical Engineering, Sri Sai Ram Engineering College, Chennai-44, IN
2 M.N.R Engineering College, Hyderabad, IN
3 Mechanical Engineering, Udaya School of Engineering, IN

Abstract

This paper presents the implementation of functional back propagation algorithm (FUBPA) for estimating the power, torque, specific fuel consumption and presence of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons in the emission of a direct injection diesel engine. Experimental readings were obtained using the biodiesel prepared from the waste cooking oil collected from the canteen of Sri Sairam Engineering College, India. This waste cooking oil was due to the preparation of varieties of food (vegetables fried and non vegetarian). To obtain the biodiesel, transesterification was done in chemical lab for more than a week, and the biodiesel was obtained. The biodiesel was mixed in proportions of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% with remaining combinations of the diesel supplied by the Indian government. Variable compression ratio (VCR) diesel engine with single cylinder, 4 stroke diesel type was used.
The outputs of the engine as power, torque and specific fuel consumption were obtained from the computational facility attached to the engine. The data collected for different input conditions of the engine was further used to train FUBPA.
The trained FUBPA network was further used to predict the power, torque and SFC for different speed, biodiesel and diesel combinations and full load conditions. The estimation performance of the FUBPA network is discussed.

Keywords

Functional Back Propagation Algorithm, Waste Cooking Oil, Biodiesel.

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M. Suresh ¹, B. Gurugnanam ¹, S. Vasudevan ², B. Rajeshkanna ², K. Dharanirajan ³, N. Prabhakaran ¹

Affiliations
1 Geographic Information Technology Lab, Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Centre for Geographic Information Technologies, Bharathidasan University, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Ocean Studies, Pondicherry University, Andaman, IN

Abstract

In the present paper deals with the study of hydrogeochemistry of groundwater by multivariate statistical techniques such as factor and cluster analyses. The upper Thirumanimuthar sub-basin, Cauvery River, hard rock terrain in Salem District covering an area of about 346.40 km2 has been selected for the study. Fifty one samples were collected during premonsoon season 2007 and analysed for various water quality parameters like pH, EC, TDS, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO₃, CO₃, SO₄, Cl and TH. Hydrogeochemical data of 51 groundwater samples were subjected to Q- and R- mode factor and cluster analysis. R-mode analysis reveals the interrelations among the variables studied and the Q-mode analysis reveals the interrelations among the samples studied. The R-mode factor analysis shows that Na and CI with HCO₃ account for most of the electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids of the groundwater. The 'single dominance' nature of the majority of the factors in the R-mode analysis indicates non-mixing or partial mixing of different types of groundwaters. Both Q-mode factor and R-mode cluster analyses show that there is an exchange between the river water and adjacent groundwater. Cluster classification map reveals that 97.79% of the study area comes under cluster I classification.

Keywords

Groundwater, Hydrogeochemical Studies, Multivariate Statistical Analysis, Factor Analysis, Cluster Analysis.

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B. Gurugnanam ¹, M. Suganya ¹, M. Suresh ¹, K. Dharanirajan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002, T.N., IN
2 Institute for Ocean Management, Anna University, Chennai, T.N., IN

Abstract

Geochemical analysis of groundwater is employed to evaluate the postmonsoon 2005 water quality of upper Thirumanimuthar subbasin. Thirty two representative groundwater samples were collected from dug and bore wells. The samples were analysed to monitor the water chemistry of major ions. The results were evaluated in detailed and compared with WHO water quality standards. An overall assessment of the water samples indicated that all parameters are within the permissible limit except in some locations. According to the USSL diagram most of the samples falls in C₃-S₁ class, which indicates its suitable nature. Piper trilinear diagram interpretations were made to know the chemical type of the groundwater. It reveals that the subsurface water is alkaline earth (Ca+Mg) exceeds alkalies (Na+K) type.

Keywords

Groundwater, Geochemical Studies, Piper Trilinear Diagram, Kalley’s Ratio, Sodium adsorption ratio, Magnesium Hazards, Sodium Percentage.

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M. Suresh ¹, K. A. Jagadeesh ²

Affiliations
1 Dept of Mech Engg, Sri Krishna College of Engg and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Dept of Mech Engg, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

During the recent years, manufacturing industries have been functioning under the globally competitive environment. Hence these industries are required to enhance their performance to offer world class quality products and services in a shorter time period. Part feeder is used in automated assembly lines to segregate and orient parts prior to packing. Linear Feeders are specially designed as an alternative to vibratory bowl feeders and involve horizontal conveying of components. Obtaining a particular orientation of a part in assembly station is a tedious task in a shorter lead time. To overcome this problem, part feeding system is used to segregate and orient parts prior to assembly. Before designing the part feeders, the most favorable orientation of part should be identified. The most favorable orientation of part is found using stability method. In this work, the most favorable orientation of a typical asymmetric component, brake pad, is identified.

Keywords

Brake Pad, Stability Method, Part Feeders, Favorable Orientation, Automation, Natural Resting Orientation.

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S. Dinesh ¹, S. Preteep ¹, P. Sridhar ¹, M. Suresh ¹, G. Saravanakumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Tamilnadu College of Engineering, Coimbatore, IN
2 Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Tamilnadu College of Engineering, Coimbatore, IN

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to implement optimum controller for a conical tank. The objective of the controller is to maintain the level inside the process tank in a desired value. Hence an attempt is made in this paper as Internal Model Based PID controller design for conical tank level control. For each stable operating point, a first order process model was identified using process reaction curve method. The real time implementation is done in simulink using MATLAB. The experimental results shows that proposed control scheme have good set point tracking and disturbance rejection capability.

Keywords

Mathematical Model, PID Controller, IMC, MATLAB Simulink.

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V. V. D. K. Prasad ¹, M. Suresh ², A. Murali Krishna ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru, A.P., IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, RVR & JC College of Engineering, Chowdavaram, Guntur, A.P., IN

Abstract

The aim of image enhancement is to improve the perception of information in images for human viewers, to provide better input for other automated image processing techniques. Histogram equalization is one of the well known and popular technique for better contrast and image enhancement. The basic idea of Histogram Equalization method is to remap the gray levels of an image. We can analyse the influence of gamma correction of digital colour cameras on computer vision algorithms. Image compression is advantageous to reduce substantial storage and transmission resources. By using wavelet based compression methods, signal and image processing are improved in performance. In this paper, the comparison of different quality assessment metrics for the enhancement and compression techniques will be carried out. This comparison will be done on the basis of subjective and objective parameters. Subjective parameter is visual quality and objective parameters are Peak signal-to- noise ratio (PSNR), Compression Ratio (CR), Mean square error (MSE), L2-norm ratio, Bits per pixel (BPP) and Maximum error.

Keywords

Histogram Equalization, Gamma Correction, Wavelet and Medical Image Compression.

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C. V. Manian ¹, M. Suresh ¹

Affiliations
1 Research & Development, Group II, Larsen & Toubro Ltd., Powai Works, Mumbai - 72, IN

Abstract

Process industries are associated with handling, storing and processing of various types of chemicals ranging from acid, alkali, hydrocarbons, inorganic chemicals and water with divergent qualities. In some of the process industries such as refinery and petrochemicals, both extremes in terms of temperature and pressure are likely to coexist, for example cryogenic and fired heaters, and vacuum to high pressure as high as 200 Kg/cm². As a result, the equipment handling these process chemicals demand materials of construction with good corrosion resistance and appropriate mechanical properties. Stain less steels as a class of materials, with wide ranging corrosion resistance characteristics and mechanical properties, fit in these prerequisites very well.

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